Cancer is a group of diseases where a part of the body undergoes uncontrolled growth. It is the second leading cause of death globally, claiming nearly 80,000 Nigerian lives in 2022. In other words, cancer is not uncommon. As a Nigerian, you have a 12% chance of developing cancer in your lifetime.
The most common cancers among Nigerians in 2022 were breast, prostate, colorectal, and cervical cancer. This post highlights five early warning signs of these cancers.
Early Signs of Cancer
1. Breast Changes
- Unexplained changes in breast size or shape
- A dimpled, orange-peel-like texture on the breast
- Nipple retraction
- Abnormal breast discharge
2. Urinary and Pelvic Disturbances
These signs are more common in prostate cancer, which affects a small gland in males surrounding the urine outflow tube.
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty urinating
- Blood in urine
- Painful or bloody ejaculation
- Persistent back pain
3. Digestive Disruptions
Colorectal cancer (cancer of the large intestine) may present with:
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Narrower-than-usual stools
- A lump in the abdomen
- Blood in stool
4. Reproductive Concerns
These symptoms may indicate cervical cancer:
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
5. Other Concerning Signs
Cancer can also cause symptoms beyond the affected organ.
- Unintentional weight loss: Losing more than 10% of your body weight in three months without trying is a red flag.
- Persistent fever: A fever lasting weeks or occurring at night with heavy sweating may suggest blood cancer (lymphoma).
- Lumps or swellings: Any unusual lump should be examined early, as large masses often indicate advanced cancer. Regular self-exams of the breasts or testes can help detect changes.
- Persistent pain: Pain that doesn’t improve with common painkillers and has no clear cause should be investigated.
- Yellowing of the eyes or skin: This may signal cancer spreading to the liver, though it is not an early symptom.
Risk Factors for Cancer
Signs alone do not confirm cancer. Diagnosis requires medical tests, especially a biopsy. However, if you have these risk factors, you should be extra vigilant:
- Age: Cancer is more common in middle-aged and older adults.
- Lifestyle: Alcohol, smoking, and unsafe sex expose you to cancer-causing substances.
- Diet: A low-vegetable, high-fat diet with red meat is linked to breast and colorectal cancer.
- Obesity: Being overweight increases cancer risk.
- Family history: A genetic link means you should be more watchful if a relative has had cancer.
Final Thoughts
Early detection saves lives. Pay attention to warning signs, especially if you have risk factors. Regular screenings and a healthy lifestyle can significantly lower your cancer risk. If you notice any concerning symptoms, see a doctor promptly.
Click here to learn more about breast cancer!
