The normal menstrual cycle lasts between 21 to 35 days. In irregular periods, the interval between cycles may be too long, too short, or absent for months. If you experience this, you’re not alone—up to 20% of women have irregular periods. In this post, we’ll explore common causes and what you can do about them.

5 Common Causes
1. Stress
A tiny but mighty part of the brain, the hypothalamus, controls hormone regulation. However, it’s highly sensitive to stress—whether from family issues, academic or career challenges, extreme exercise, or chronic illness. Severe stress can shut down GnRH production, preventing the release of key reproductive hormones like estrogen, leading to irregular menstruation.
2. Hormonal Imbalances
Some conditions bypass stress and directly disrupt hormones.
Prolactinoma: A small pituitary gland tumor that secretes prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production in breastfeeding mothers. High prolactin prevents ovulation, leading to irregular periods, headaches, vision problems, and unexpected milk production.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A condition where the ovaries produce less estrogen than usual, resulting in infrequent or absent periods. Women with PCOS are often obese, have excess hair growth, and high blood sugar levels.
Premature Ovarian Failure: When the ovaries stop releasing eggs before age 40, leading to early menopause and irregular or absent periods.
3. Womb Abnormalities
A major example is Asherman’s syndrome, where the walls of the womb fuse together, eliminating the womb’s chamber. It often results from excessive scraping of the womb (medical dilation and curettage), typically after an abortion or an infection following childbirth.
4. Birth Control
Contraceptives like pills, implants, and injectables suppress ovulation and may cause irregular periods. While pills and implants allow cycles to return to normal soon after stopping, injectables can cause persistent menstrual irregularities for months. Your healthcare provider should inform you about this before use.
5. Other Health Conditions
Several conditions can throw off menstrual cycles, including:
- Thyroid disorders (both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism)
- Liver failure
- Obesity or sudden weight loss
- Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa
How to Address Irregular Periods
- Manage stress (Check out these easy stress management techniques)
- Maintain a healthy diet and stable weight.
- Consult a doctor if irregularities persist.
- Track your cycle using apps or journals.
Conclusion
Irregular periods are common and often manageable. While some causes are temporary, others require medical attention. If your periods remain irregular despite lifestyle changes, consult a doctor to rule out underlying conditions. Understanding your cycle is key to taking charge of your reproductive health.