Colorectal cancer is cancer of the large intestine (also known as the colon) or the rectum. While this disease is more common among Caucasians, its incidence among Nigerians is rising. Early detection significantly improves survival rates—over 90% of those who catch it early survive beyond five years, while only 14% of those diagnosed late make it that far. Fortunately, colorectal cancer often gives warning signs. Recognizing them early can make all the difference.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Certain factors increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including:
- Age above 50 years
- Diets high in red meat and saturated fats
- Smoking and alcohol consumption
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Family history of colorectal or other cancers (e.g., ovarian, breast)
- Chronic intestinal diseases such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or polyps
Early Signs of Colorectal Cancer
1. Diarrhea, Constipation, and Other Changes in Bowel Habits
Persistent changes in how often you use the toilet could be a red flag.
- Diarrhea (watery, frequent stools) lasting more than 14 days may signal a serious condition, including colorectal cancer.
- Alternating diarrhea and constipation is another potential warning sign.
- Constipation alone (hard, infrequent stools) that persists may also be concerning.
- A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after using the toilet—a condition called tenesmus—may indicate a problem in the rectum.
2. Blood in Stool or Rectal Bleeding
Blood in stool should never be ignored, whether:
- Bright red blood (suggesting bleeding from the rectum or lower intestine).
- Dark blood or tar-like stools (indicating bleeding higher up in the digestive tract).
Although conditions like hemorrhoids can cause rectal bleeding, any new episode should prompt a doctor’s visit. Chronic blood loss can lead to iron deficiency anemia, a condition that warrants screening for colorectal cancer, especially in people over 50.
3. Abdominal Pain and Bloating
Many things can cause stomach discomfort, but persistent pain not linked to stress or food may point to colorectal cancer.
- Cramping, bloating, or persistent discomfort in the lower abdomen or all over the belly should not be ignored.
4. Unexplained Weight Loss and Fatigue
This is not exactly an “early” symptom, but it definitely should not be ignored.
- Losing more than 10% of your body weight without intending to may indicate an underlying disease like colorectal cancer.
- Persistent fatigue or weakness is another red flag.
Cancer triggers the release of cytokines—chemicals that can cause significant weight loss and tiredness.
Preventing Colorectal Cancer
- Start screening at 45 with colonoscopy or stool tests to detect hidden blood. Those at higher risk (due to family history or intestinal diseases) should begin screening earlier.
- Adopt a fiber-rich diet and reduce red meat and saturated fats.
- Increase physical activity to maintain a healthy weight.
- Quit smoking and alcohol to lower your cancer risk.
Conclusion
Recognizing the early signs of colorectal cancer and seeking medical advice promptly can save lives. Don’t ignore symptoms—early detection offers the best chance of survival. Help raise awareness by sharing this post.
Read about the five most common cancers in Nigerians and their early signs.
