Cancer of The Breast – What Should You Know?

By
Dr. Oluwapelumi Ala
-

Breast cancer is a disease that occurs when healthy breast cells become abnormal, grow out of control, and form tumours. It can begin in the milk ducts or lobules of the breast. Sometimes, this disease can spread to other parts of the body.

Although the risk for breast cancer differs, both men and women can develop this disease. About 1 in 8 women have a lifetime risk of getting this disease. On the other hand, for men, the risk is 1 in 1000.

structure of the breast

Normal Structure of The Breast

The breasts contain fatty tissue containing small chambers called lobules where breast milk is made. The milk travels through tiny channels called ducts to reach the nipples. Lymph nodes are located inside your breast and under your arms. Lymph vessels connect these nodes, helping your body fight disease.

anatomy of the female breast
The anatomy of the female breast Photo Credit: Terese Winslow

What Are The Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

The following are signs of breast cancer. You should seek medical attention if you notice;

  • Lump(s) in the breast or armpit
  • Change in breast shape or size
  • Nipple changes (caved in/pulled out)
  • Nipple discharge (clear or bloody)
  • Redness of breast skin
  • Dimpling of the breast skin (appears like the orange fruit skin)

Are There Risk Factors?

Yes, you are more likely to develop cancer in your breasts due to the following risk factors;

  • Older age
  • Dense breasts
  • Having breast cancer before
  • Family history of the disease
  • Inherited genetic mutations
  • Alcohol use
  • Overweight or obesity

How Can You Screen for Breast Cancer?

Screening can help detect cancer in your breasts. You can screen for this disease in the following ways;

  • Self-breast examination – You can check your own breasts at about the same time each month at home. Start by feeling your breasts and armpits, one at a time. You should look out for the signs previously highlighted.
  • Clinical breast examination by your doctor
  • Screening mammography
breast mammogram
Positioning of the breast for mammography Photo Credit: Cleveland Clinic

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnostic tests for cancer in the breasts vary. Your doctor will use a method that applies to your cancer stage, symptoms, and family history.

  • Diagnostic mammography – This test is employed when abnormalities are seen on a screening mammogram.
  • Breast ultrasound scan – This can identify if a suspicious lump is fluid-filled or solid. A fluid-filled lump is often benign and a cyst, while a solid one may be cancerous or a fibrous growth.
  • Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – This shows more details than the mammogram.
  • Breast biopsy – This involves the removal of a small amount of tissue from the breast. There are various types of biopsy. A specialist doctor called a pathologist will analyze the breast tissue sample by looking at it under the microscope and doing specific tests. Their report will inform the diagnosis of cancer. The result of this test helps the doctor to choose your treatment.

Stages of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs in stages 0 – IV. These stages are influenced by several factors, such as the size and location of the cancer and its spread to other areas of the body.

How is Breast Cancer Treated?

Treatment for cancer in the breasts depends on the stage of the disease. Breast cancer stages are between 0 and IV. Generally, it takes a team of specialists, including a surgeon, radiotherapist, and pathologist, to treat the disease.

The main treatment options are:

  • Surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Hormone therapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Combination treatments

What is Metastatic Breast Cancer?

This is a type of cancer that has spread from the breast to other areas of the body. The most common areas are the liver, bones, lungs, and brain. Sadly, there is no cure for this type of cancer, and treatment can only prolong survival.

Fortunately, advanced treatment options have made it possible for people with the metastatic form of this cancer to live for up to 5 years and even more. Metastatic breast cancer treatment may include ongoing chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

A Word from HealthFacts to You

It is frightening to learn you have breast cancer. However, the information available can help you to receive timely, individualized, and effective treatment that can give you the best chance of being cured. Always ask your doctor questions.

Till next time, stay informed and stay healthy!

Suggested Reading: 6 Breast Cancer myths you need to trash

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